Semiconductor device and process for fabrication thereof

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor chip is attached to a lead frame with a filmy organic die-bonding material having a water absorption of 1.5% by volume or less; having a saturation moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume or less, having a residual volatile component in an amount not more than 3.0% by weight, having a modulus of elasticity of 10 MPa or less at a temperature of 250° C. The semiconductor device thus obtained can be free from occurrence of reflow cracks during reflow soldering for the packaging of semiconductor devices.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/543,247, filed Apr. 5, 2000, now abandoned which in turn is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/981,702, filed Mar.31, 1998 now abandoned, which is a 371 of International Application No.PCT/JP96/01886, filed Jul. 8, 1996, which in turn is related to andclaims the early filing date of Japanese Patent Application No.7-171154, filed Jul. 6, 1995. The entire disclosures of the aboveapplications are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to a semiconductor device having a support membersuch as a lead frame to which a semiconductor die or chip is attachedusing a die-bonding material and encapsulated with resin, and a processfor the fabrication of such a semiconductor device.

BACKGROUND ART

As methods by which semiconductor chips are attached to lead frames, amethod has been used in which a die-bonding material is fed onto thelead frame and the semiconductor chip is bonded thereto.

Such a die-bonding material is known to include, e.g., Au—Si eutectics,solders and resin pastes. Of these, Au—Si eutectics have problems inthat they are expensive, have a high modulus of elasticity, and requirevibration at the bonding portion. The solders have problems in that theycan not withstand temperatures equal to or greater than their meltingtemperature and have a high modulus of elasticity.

As for the resin pastes, silver paste is the most commonly available.Compared with other materials, silver paste is inexpensive, has a highheat resistance reliability and has a low modulus of elasticity. Hence,they are most widely used as bonding materials for the lead frames ofICs and LSIs.

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in demand forhigh-density packaging as electronic machinery has been made smaller insize and thickness. In semiconductor packaging, conventional pininsertion packaging has been substituted by surface packaging, which hasbecome the prevailing packaging method suitable for high-densitypackaging.

In surface packaging, in order to directly solder leads toprinted-wiring substrates, packaging is carried out by infraredreflowing, vapor phase reflowing or solder dipping while heating thewhole package.

During this packaging, the whole package is exposed to high temperaturesof 210° C. to 260° C. Hence, any presence of moisture in the packagecauses explosive vaporization of the moisture to cause package cracks(hereinafter “reflow cracks”).

Such reflow cracks may cause a great lowering of the reliability ofsemiconductor packages, bringing about a serious technical problem.

The mechanism by which reflow cracks ascribable to die-bonding materialsoccur is as follows: During storage of semiconductor packages, (1)die-bonding materials absorb moisture, (2) this moisture is vaporizedupon heating when packaged by reflowing and soldering, and (3) vaporpressure thus produced causes breaking or separation of the die-bondingmaterial layers, (4) so that the reflow cracks occur.

While reflow crack resistance of encapsulant has been improved, thereflow cracks ascribable to die-bonding materials provide a seriousmatter especially in thin-type packaging. Thus, it is strongly sought toimprove its reflow crack resistance.

The silver paste, having been most commonly used, tends to cause reflowcracks because it has become difficult with the increase in size ofchips to uniformly coat the silver paste on the whole surface requiringarea and also because it is pasty itself and therefore tends to causevoids in bonding layers.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a semiconductor device that employs afilmy organic die-bonding material, may cause no reflow cracks and hasgood reliability, and a process for fabrication thereof.

In the present invention, a filmy organic die-bonding material is used.This filmy organic material is such a filmy material that is mainly madeof an organic material such as epoxy resin, silicone resin, acrylicresin, or polyimide resin (including an organic material containing ametal filler or an inorganic material filler added thereto). The filmyorganic die-bonding material which has been heated is contact-bonded toa support member such as a lead frame, and a semiconductor chip isplaced on the filmy organic die-bonding material and heat is applied tobond the chip. More particularly, resin paste is provided in the form ofa film so that die-bonding material is uniformly applied to the bondingportion.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a process for fabricating thesemiconductor device of the present invention.

The filmy organic die-bonding material 1 is cut in a prescribed sizewith a cutter 2 ((a) in FIG. 1).

The filmy organic die-bonding material 1 is contact-bonded to a die pad6 of a lead frame 5 on a heating platen 7 by means of a contact press((b) in FIG. 1). The contact bonding may preferably be carried out underconditions of a temperature of from 100° C. to 250° C., a press time offrom 0.1 second to 20 seconds and a pressure of from 4 gf/mm² to 200gf/mm².

A semiconductor chip 8 is put on the filmy organic die-bonding material1 stuck to the die pad 6, followed by heat contact bonding (i.e., diebonding) ((c) in FIG. 1). The die bonding may preferably be carried outunder conditions of a temperature of from 100° C. to 350° C., a bondingtime of from 0.1 second to 20 seconds and a pressure of from 0.1 gf/mm²to 30 gf/mm². More preferable conditions for die bonding are of atemperature of from 150° C. to 250° C., a bonding time of 0.1(inclusive) second to 2 seconds and a pressure of 0.1 gf/mm² to 4gf/mm², and the most preferable conditions for die bonding are of atemperature of from 150° C. to 250° C., a bonding time of 0.1(inclusive) second to 1.5 (exclusive) seconds and a pressure of 0.3gf/mm² to 2 gf/mm².

Then, the step of wire bonding ((d) in FIG. 1) follows, and the step ofencapsulating the semiconductor chip with resin ((e) in FIG. 1) furtherfollows. Thus, the semiconductor device is produced. Reference numeral 9denotes an encapsulant resin.

For example, the filmy organic die-bonding material of the presentinvention is prepared by dissolving or dispersing an organic materialsuch as polyimide or epoxy resin and optionally an additive such as ametal filler in an organic solvent to obtain a coating varnish, coatingthis coating varnish on a carrier film such as biaxially stretchedpolypropylene film, followed by evaporation of the solvent, and peelingthe filmy material from the carrier film. When prepared in this way, afilm having self-supporting properties can be obtained.

The present inventors have discovered that the occurrence of reflowcracks in semiconductor device correlates with the properties orcharacteristics of the filmy organic die-bonding material, and have madedetailed studies on the relationship between the occurrence of reflowcracks and the characteristics of the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial. As a result, they have accomplished the present invention.

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial having a water absorption of 1.5% by volume or less is used asthe die-bonding material.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and then encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial having a saturation moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume orless is used as the die-bonding material.

According to a third embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and then encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial having a residual volatile component in an amount not more than3.0% by weight is used as the die-bonding material.

According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and then encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial having a modulus of elasticity of 10 MPa or less at atemperature of 250° C. is used as the die-bonding material.

According to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and then encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial having, at the stage where the semiconductor chip is bonded tothe support member, a void volume of 10% or less in terms of voidspresent in the die-bonding material and at the interface between thedie-bonding material and the support member is used as the die-bondingmaterial.

According to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and then encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial having a peel strength of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or above at thestage where the semiconductor chip is bonded to the support member isused as the die-bonding material.

According to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, thesemiconductor device and the process for its fabrication arecharacterized in that, in the semiconductor device having a supportmember to which a semiconductor chip is attached using a die-bondingmaterial and then encapsulated with resin, a filmy organic die-bondingmaterial i) having a planar dimension not larger than the planardimension of the semiconductor chip, and ii) not protruding outward fromthe region of the semiconductor chip (i.e., not to protrude from theinterface between the semiconductor chip and the support member) at thestage where the semiconductor chip is bonded to the support member isused as the die-bonding material.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the values of theproperties or characteristics of the filmy organic die-bondingmaterials, such as a water absorption of 1.5% by volume or less, asaturation moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume or less, a residualvolatile component in an amount not more than 3.0% by weight, or amodulus of elasticity of 10 MPa or less at a temperature of 250° C., arethe values measured at the stage before the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial is stuck onto the support member.

The filmy organic die-bonding material used in the first embodiment ofthe present invention, having a water absorption of 1.5% by volume orless, the filmy organic die-bonding material used in the secondembodiment of the present invention, having a saturation moistureabsorption of 1.0% by volume or less, the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, havinga modulus of elasticity of 10 MPa or less at a temperature of 250° C.,and the filmy organic die-bonding material used in the sixth embodimentof the present invention, having a peel strength of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chipor above at the stage where the semiconductor chip is bonded to thesupport member, can be produced by controlling composition of the filmyorganic die-bonding material, e.g., the structure of polymers such aspolyimide and the content of fillers such as silver.

The filmy organic die-bonding material used in the third embodiment ofthe present invention, having a residual volatile component in an amountnot more than 3.0% by weight, and the filmy organic die-bonding materialused in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, having, at thestage where the semiconductor chip is bonded to the die-bondingmaterial, a void volume of 10% or less in terms of voids present in thedie-bonding material and at the interface between the die-bondingmaterial and the support member, can be produced by controlling theconditions for producing the filmy organic die-bonding material, e.g.,drying temperature, drying time and so forth.

The semiconductor chip includes commonly available semiconductor chipsof ICs, LSIs, VLSIs and so forth, any of which may be used. The diebonding materials according to the present invention is suitably usedfor the semiconductor chip as large a 5×5 mm or larger. The supportmember includes lead frames having die pads, ceramic wiring boards andglass-polyimide wiring boards, any of which may be used. FIG. 3 shows aplan view of an example of lead frames having die pads. The lead frame40 shown in FIG. 3 has die pads 41.

As the filmy organic die-bonding material, not only those havingsingle-layer structure but also those having multi-layer structure maybe used.

In the present invention, the filmy organic die-bonding material mayhave at the same time two or more properties or characteristics of thosedescribed above.

For example, properties or characteristics the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial may preferably have at the same time are as follows:

-   (1) A filmy organic die-bonding material having a saturation    moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume or less and a residual    volatile component in an amount not more than 3.0% by weight;-   (2) A filmy organic die-bonding material having a saturation    moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume or less, and a peel strength    of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or above at the stage where the semiconductor    chip is bonded to the support member;-   (3) A filmy organic die-bonding material having a residual volatile    component in an amount not more than 3.0% by weight and a peel    strength of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or above at the stage where the    semiconductor chip is bonded to the support member; and-   (4) A filmy organic die-bonding material having a saturation    moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume or less, a residual volatile    component in an amount not more than 3.0% by weight, and a peel    strength of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or above at the stage where the    semiconductor chip is bonded to the support member.

In the present invention, the foregoing properties or characteristics ofthe filmy organic die-bonding material may be in any combination inaccordance with the purposes for which it is used.

The above (1) to (4) filmy organic die-bonding materials or the filmyorganic die-bonding materials having the above properties orcharacteristics in any other combinations may preferably be used asfilmy organic die-bonding materials each i) having a planar dimensionnot larger than the planar dimension of the semiconductor chip, and ii)not protruding outward from the region of the semiconductor chip at thestage where the semiconductor chip is bonded to the support member.

The semiconductor device of the present invention is free from reflowcracks which might otherwise occur during reflow soldering for thepackaging of semiconductor devices, and has good reliability.

As the organic material constituting the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial of the present invention, polyimide resin is preferred.

Tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used as starting materials for thepolyimide resin include:

-   1,2-(ethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,3-(trimethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,4-(tetramethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,5-(pentamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,6-(hexamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,7-(heptamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,8-(octamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,9-(nonamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,10-(decamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,12-(dodecamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,16-(hexadecamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride),-   1,18-(octadecamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride), pyromellitic    dianhydride,-   3,3′,4,4′-diphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,2′,3,3′-diphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride,-   2,2-bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride,-   1,1-bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)ethane dianhydride,-   1,1-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)ethane dianhydride,-   bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)methane dianhydride,-   bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)methane dianhydride,-   bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfone dianhydride,-   3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)ether dianhydride,-   benzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   3,4,3′,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,3,2′,3′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,3,3′,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   1,2,4,5-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,6-dichloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,7-dichloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,3,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   phenanthrene-1,8,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   thiophene-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   3,4,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,3,2′,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane dianhydride,-   bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)methylphenylsilane dianhydride,-   bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)diphenylsilane dianhydride,-   1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyldimethylsilyl)benzene dianhydride,-   1,3-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldicyclohexane    dianhydride,-   p-phenylenebis(trimellitate anhydride),-   ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   decahydronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   4,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalene-1,2,5,6-tetracarboxylic    dianhydride,-   cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   pyrrolidine-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   bis(exo-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic dianhydride)sulfone,-   bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octo-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride,-   2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride,-   2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane    dianhydride,-   4,4′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)diphenylsulfide dianhydride,-   1,4-bis(2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)benzenebis(trimellitic    anhydride),-   1,3-bis(2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)benzenebis(trimellitic    anhydride),-   5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuril)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic    dianhydride, and-   tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.    Any of these may be used in the form of a mixture of two or more    kinds.

Diamines used as starting materials for the polyimide resin includearomatic diamines such as:

-   o-phenylenediamine,-   m-phenylenediamine,-   p-phenylenediamine,-   3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ether,-   3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether,-   4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether,-   3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane,-   3,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane,-   4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane,-   bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methane,-   bis(4-amino-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)methane,-   3,3′-diaminodiphenyldifluoromethane,-   3,4′-diaminodiphenyldifluoromethane,-   4,4′-diaminodiphenyldifluoromethane,-   3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone,-   3,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone,-   4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone,-   3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide,-   3,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide,-   4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide,-   3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ketone,-   3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ketone,-   4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ketone,-   2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl)propane,-   2,2′-(3,4′-diaminodiphenyl)propane,-   2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)propane,-   2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane,-   2,2-(3,4′-diaminodiphenyl)hexafluoropropane,-   2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane,-   1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzne,-   1,4-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene,-   1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene,-   3,3′-(1,4-phenylenebis(1-methylethylidene))bisaniline-   3,4′-(1,4-phenylenebis(1-methylethylidene))bisaniline-   4,4′-(1,4-phenylenebis(1-methylethylidene))bisaniline-   2,2-bis(4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane,-   2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane,-   2,2-bis(4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl)hexafluoropropane,-   2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)hexafluoropropane,-   bis(4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfide,-   bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfide,-   bis(4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfone, and-   bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfone;    and aliphatic diamines such as:-   1,2-diaminoethane,-   1,3-diaminopropane,-   1,4-diaminobutane,-   1,5-diaminopentane,-   1,6-diaminohexane,-   1,7-diaminoheptane,-   1,8-diaminooctane,-   1,9-diaminononane,-   1,10-diaminodecane,-   1,11-diaminoundecane, and-   1,12-diaminododecane.    Any of these may be used in the form of a mixture of two or more    kinds.

The polyimide can be obtained by subjecting the tetracarboxylicdianhydride and the diamine to condensation by a known method. Morespecifically, using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine insubstantially equimolar weights (the respective components may be addedin any order), the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent at areaction temperature of 80° C. or below, and preferably at 0° C. to 50°C. With the progress of the reaction, the viscosity of reaction mixturegradually increases, so that a polyimide precursor polyamic acid isformed.

The polyimide can be obtained by dehydration ring closure of the abovereaction product (polyamic acid). The dehydration ring closure may becarried out by a method of heat treatment at 120° C. to 250° C. or by achemical method.

Epoxy resin of glycidyl ether type, glycidylamine type, glycidyl estertype or alicyclic type may be used as organic materials for the filmyorganic die-bonding materials of the present invention.

As mentioned above, in the process for the fabrication of asemiconductor device according to the present invention, the die bondingmay preferably be carried out under conditions of a temperature of from100° C. to 350° C., a bonding time of from 0.1 second to 20 seconds anda pressure of from 0.1 gf/mm² to 30 gf/mm². More preferably, it iscarried out under conditions of a temperature of from 150° C. to 250°C., a bonding time of 0.1 (inclusive) second to 2 seconds and a pressureof 0.1 gf/mm² to 40 gf/mm², and the most preferably, under conditions offrom 150° C. to 250° C., a bonding time of 0.1 (inclusive) second to 1.5(exclusive) seconds and a pressure of 0.3 gf/mm² to 2 gf/mm².

When a filmy organic die-bonding material whose elastic modulus at atemperature of 250° C. is not more than 10 MPa is used, a sufficientpeel strength (for example, 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or more) can be obtainedby carrying out die-bonding under conditions of a temperature of from150° C. to 250° C., a bonding time of 0.1 (inclusive) second to 2seconds and a pressure of 0.1 gf/mm² to 4 gf/mm².

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 cross-sectionally illustrates an example of a process forfabricating the semiconductor device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front elevation used to describe a method for measuring peelstrength by using a push-pull gauge.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an example of lead frames having a die pads.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described below in greater detail bygiving Examples, but an embodiment of the present invention is notlimited to these examples. All of polyimides used in the followingexamples are obtained by heating the mixture of acid dianhydride withdiamine being the same mol as the acid dianhydride, in solvent, so as topolymerize them. In the following examples, polyimide A is a polyimidesynthesized from 1,2-(ethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride) andbis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methane; polyimide B is a polyimidesynthesized from 1,2-(ethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride) and4,4′-diaminodiphenylether; polyimide C is a polyimide synthesized from1,2-(ethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride) andbis(4-amino-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)methane; polyimide D is a polyimidesynthesized from 1,2-(ethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride) and2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane; polyimide E is a polyimidesynthesized from a mixture of 1,2-(ethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride)and 1,10-(decamethylene)bis(trimellitate anhydride) being the same molas the mixture, and 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] propane; polyimideF is a polyimide synthesized from 1,10-(decamethylene)bis(trimellitateanhydride) and 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] propane.

EXAMPLE 1

To 100 g of each polyimide shown in Table 1 and 10 g of epoxy resin, 280g of an organic solvent was added to make a solution. To the solutionobtained, silver powder was added in a stated amount, followed bythorough stirring so as to be homogeneously dispersed, to obtain acoating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by drying in a dryer with internalair circulation to cause the solvent to evaporate and dry the varnish.Thus, filmy organic die-bonding materials having the composition andwater absorption as shown in Table 1 were prepared.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials as shown in Table 1 were eachstuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at 160° C. On thelead frame to which the filmy organic die-bonding material was thusstuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bonding carried out underconditions of a temperature of 300° C., a pressure of 12.5 gf/mm² and abonding time of 5 seconds, followed by wire bonding and then moldingwith an encapsulant material (trade name CEL-9000, available fromHitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a semiconductor device was fabricated(QFP: (Quad Flat Package) package: 14×20×1.4 mm; chip size: 8×10 mm; 42alloy lead frame).

The semiconductor device having been thus encapsulated was treated in athermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH for 168 hours, and thereafterheated at 240° C. for 10 seconds in an IR (infrared) reflow furnace.

Thereafter, the semiconductor device was molded with polyester resin,and then cut with a diamond cutter to observe its cross section on amicroscope. Rate (%) of occurrence of reflow cracks was measuredaccording to the following expression to make evaluation on the reflowcrack resistance.(Number of occurrence of reflow cracks/number of tests)×100=rate (%) ofoccurrence of reflow cracks.

The results of evaluation are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Rate of Composition of film Water occurrence of Ag contentabsorption reflow cracks No. Polyimide (wt. %) (%) (%) 1 Polyimide A 802.0 100 2 Polyimide B 80 1.9 100 3 Polyimide C 80 1.8 100 4 Polyimide D52 1.5 0 5 Polyimide E 60 1.2 0 6 Polyimide E 0 1.0 0 7 Polyimide F 600.9 0 8 Polyimide F 0 0.8 0 9 Polyimide F 40 0.7 0 10 Polyimide F 80 0.40 Comparative Example: Silver paste* 1.7 100 *As the silver paste,EPINAL (trade name; available from Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.Measurement of Water Absorption

A film with a size of 50×50 mm is used as a sample. The sample is driedat 120° C. for 3 hours in a vacuum dryer, and then left to cool in adesiccator. Thereafter, the dried weight of the sample is measured andis regarded as M1. The sample is immersed in distilled water at roomtemperature for 24 hours, and then taken out. The surface of the sampleis wiped with filter paper and its weight is immediately measured and isregarded as M2.

The water absorption is calculated according to the following:[(M2−M1)/(M1/d)]×100=Water absorption (vol. %)wherein d is the,density of the filmy organic die-bonding material.

EXAMPLE 2

To 100 g of each polyimide shown in Table 2 and 10 g of epoxy resin, 280g of an organic solvent was added to make a solution. To the solutionobtained, silver powder was added in a stated amount, followed bythorough stirring so as to be homogeneously dispersed, to obtain acoating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by drying in a dryer with internalair circulation to cause the solvent to evaporate and dry the varnish.Thus, filmy organic die-bonding materials having the composition andsaturation moisture absorption as shown in Table 2 were prepared.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials as shown in Table 2 were eachstuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at 160° C. On thelead frame to which the filmy organic die-bonding material was thusstuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bonding carried out underconditions of a temperature of 300° C., a pressure of 12.5 gf/mm² and abonding time of 5 seconds in examples No. 1 to 6 and the comparativeexample, and under conditions of a temperature of 230° C., a pressure of0.6 gf/mm² and a bonding time of 1 second in examples No. 7 to 10,followed by wire bonding and then molding with an encapsulant material(trade name CEL-9000, available from Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus,a semiconductor device was fabricated (QFP package: 14×20×1.4 mm; chipsize: 8×10 mm; 42 alloy lead frame).

The semiconductor device having been thus encapsulated was treated in athermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH for 168 hours, and thereafterheated at 240° C. for 10 seconds in an IR reflow furnace.

Thereafter, the semiconductor device was molded with polyester resin,and then cut with a diamond cutter to observe its cross section on amicroscope. Rate (%) of occurrence of reflow cracks was measuredaccording to the following expression to make evaluation on the reflowcrack resistance.(Number of occurrence of reflow cracks/number of tests)×100=rate (%) ofoccurrence of reflow cracks.

The results of evaluation are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Saturation Rate of Composition of film moisture occurrence of Agcontent absorption reflow cracks No. Polyimide (wt. %) (%) (%) 1Polyimide A 80 1.7 100 2 Polyimide B 80 1.5 100 3 Polyimide C 80 1.4 1004 Polyimide D 80 1.0 0 5 Polyimide D 60 0.8 0 6 Polyimide D 40 0.6 0 7Polyimide F 0 0.5 0 8 Polyimide F 60 0.4 0 9 Polyimide F 52 0.3 0 10Polyimide F 40 0.2 0 Comparative Example: Silver paste* 1.2 100 *As thesilver paste, EPINAL (trade name; available from Hitachi Chemical Co.,Ltd.) was used. Measurement of Saturation Moisture Absorption

A circular filmy organic die-bonding material of 10 mm diameter is usedas a sample. The sample is dried at 120° C. for 3 hours in a vacuumdryer, and then left to cool in a desiccator. Thereafter, the driedweight of the sample is measured and is regard as M1. The sample ismoisture-absorbed in a thermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH, and thentaken out. Its weight is immediately measured until the values of weightbecome constant. This weight is regarded as M2.

The saturation moisture absorption is calculated according to thefollowing:[(M2−M1)/(M1/d)]×100=saturation moisture absorption (vol. %)wherein d is the density of the filmy organic die-bonding material.

EXAMPLE 3

To 100 g of polyimide F and 10 g of epoxy resin, 140 g ofdimethylacetamide and 140 g of cyclohexanone were added as organicsolvents to make a solution. To the solution obtained, 74 g of silverpowder was added, followed by thorough stirring so as to be homogenouslydispersed, to obtain a coating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by heating at temperatures of from80° C. to 120° C. in a dryer with internal air circulation to cause thesolvent to evaporate and dry the varnish. Thus, filmy organicdie-bonding materials having the residual volatile component as shown inTable 3 were prepared. Here, when the drying temperature was higher than120° C., the coating was dried on the OPP film at 80° C. for 30 minutes,and thereafter the resulting filmy organic die-bonding material waspeeled from the OPP film, which was then held on an iron frame, andagain heated in the dryer to dry it.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials as shown in Table 3 were eachstuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at 160° C. On thelead frame to which the filmy organic die-bonding material was thusstuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bonding carried out underconditions of a temperature of 230° C., a pressure of 0.6 gf/mm² and abonding time of 1 second, followed by wire bonding and then molding withan encapsulant material (trade name CEL-9000, available from HitachiChemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a semiconductor device was fabricated (QFPpackage: 14×20×1.4 mm; chip size: 8×10 mm; 42 alloy lead frame).

The semiconductor device having been thus encapsulated was treated in athermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH for 168 hours, and thereafterheated at 240° C. for 10 seconds in an IR reflow furnace.

Thereafter, the semiconductor device was molded with polyester resin,and then cut with a diamond cutter to observe its cross section on amicroscope. Rate (%) of occurrence of reflow cracks was measuredaccording to the following expression to make evaluation on the reflowcrack resistance.(Number of occurrence of reflow cracks/number of tests)×100=rate (%) ofoccurrence of reflow cracks.

The results of evaluation are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Rate of Residual occurrence Drying Drying volatile of reflowtemp. time component Voids in cracks No. (° C.) (min) (wt. %) film (%) 1 80 30 6.5 Present 100 2 100 2 4.9 Present 100 3 100 4 4.2 Present 100 4100 10 3.8 Present 80 5 100 30 3.5 Present_(i) 60 6 120 10 3.0 None 0 7120 75 2.2 None 0 8 140 10 2.0 None 0 9 160 10 1.5 None 0 10 140 60 1.2None 0 11 160 30 0.7 None 0 Comparative Example: Silver paste* 15.0 Present 100 * As the silver paste, EPINAL (trade name; available fromHitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. Measurement of Residual VolatileComponent

A filmy organic die-bonding material with a size of 50×50 mm is used asa sample. The weight of the sample is measured and is regarded as M1.The sample is heated at 200° C. for 2 hours in a hygrostat with internalair circulation, and thereafter its weight is immediately measured andis regarded as M2.

The residual volatile component is calculated according to thefollowing:[(M2−M1)/M1]×100=residual volatile component (wt. %)

EXAMPLE 4

To 100 g of polyimide D and 10 g of epoxy resin, 140 g ofdimethylacetamide and 140 g of cyclohexanone were added as organicsolvents to make a solution. To the solution obtained, 74 g of silverpowder was added, followed by thorough stirring so as to behomogeneously dispersed, to obtain a coating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by heating at temperatures of from80° C. to 120° C. in a dryer with internal air circulation to cause thesolvent to evaporate and dry the varnish. Thus, filmy organicdie-bonding materials having the void volume as shown in Table 4 wereprepared. Here, when the drying temperature was higher than 120° C., thecoating was dried on the OPP film at 80° C. for 30 minutes, andthereafter the resulting filmy organic die-bonding material was peeledfrom the OPP film, which was then held on an iron frame, and againheated in the dryer to dry it.

Herein, the void volume refers to a void volume in terms of voidspresent in the die-bonding material and at the interface between thedie-bonding material and the support member at the stage where thesemiconductor chip is bonded to the support member.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials as shown in Table 4 were eachstuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at 160° C. On thelead frame to which the filmy organic die-bonding material was thusstuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bonding carried out underconditions of a temperature of 300° C., a pressure of 12.5 gf/mm² and abonding time of 5 seconds, followed by wire bonding and then moldingwith an encapsulant material (trade name CEL-9000, available fromHitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a semiconductor device was fabricated(QFP package: 14×20×1.4 mm; chip size: 8×10 mm; 42 alloy lead frame).

The semiconductor device having been thus encapsulated was treated in athermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH for 168 hours, and thereafterheated at 240° C. for 10 seconds in an IR reflow furnace.

Thereafter, the semiconductor device was molded with polyester resin,and then cut with a diamond cutter to observe its cross section on amicroscope. Rate (%) of occurrence of reflow cracks was measuredaccording to the following expression to make evaluation on the reflowcrack resistance.(Number of occurrence of reflow cracks/number of tests)×100=rate (%) ofoccurrence of reflow cracks.

The results of evaluation are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Drying Drying Rate of occurrence of temp. time Void volumereflow cracks No. (° C.) (min) (wt. %) (%) 1  80 30 30 100 2 100  2 22100 3 100 10 17 80 4 120 10 10 0 5 120 75 7 0 6 140 10 5 0 7 160 30 0 0Comparative Example: Silver paste* 40 100 *As the silver paste, EPINAL(trade name; available from Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.Measurement of Void Volume

A silicone chip is bonded to a lead frame using the filmy organicdie-bonding material to make a sample. A photograph of a top view of thesample is taken using a soft X-ray device. The area percentage of voidsin the photograph is measured using an image analyzer, and the areapercentage of the voids seen through the sample from its top is regardedas void volume (%).

EXAMPLE 5

To 100 g of each polyimide shown in Table 5 and 10 g of epoxy resin, 280g of an organic solvent was added to make a solution. To the solutionobtained, silver powder was added in a stated amount, followed bythorough stirring so as to be homogeneously dispersed, to obtain acoating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by drying in a dryer with internalair circulation to cause the solvent to evaporate and dry the varnish.Thus, filmy organic die-bonding materials having the composition andpeel strength as shown in Table 5 were prepared.

Herein, the peel strength refers to the peel strength of the filmyorganic die-bonding material at the stage where the semiconductor chipis bonded to the support member through the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials as shown in Table 5 were eachstuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at 160° C. On thelead frame to which the filmy organic die-bonding material was thusstuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bonding carried out underconditions of a temperature of 300° C., a pressure of 12.5 gf/mm² and abonding time of 5 seconds with respect to examples No. 1 to 5, andconditions of a temperature of 230° C., a pressure of 0.6 gf/mm² and abonding time of 1 second with respect to examples No. 6 to 10, followedby wire bonding and then molding with an encapsulant material (tradename CEL-9000, available from Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, asemiconductor device was fabricated (QFP package: 14×20×1.4 mm; chipsize: 8×10 mm; 42 alloy lead frame).

The semiconductor device having been thus encapsulated was treated in athermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH for 168 hours, and thereafterheated at 240° C. for 10 seconds in an IR reflow furnace.

Thereafter, the semiconductor device was molded with polyester resin,and then cut with a diamond cutter to observe its cross section on amicroscope. Rate (%) of occurrence of reflow cracks was measuredaccording to the following expression to make evaluation on the reflowcrack resistance.(Number of occurrence of reflow cracks/number of tests)×100=rate (%) ofoccurrence of reflow cracks.

The results of evaluation are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Peel Rate of Composition of film strength occurrence of Agcontent (Kgf/ reflow cracks No. Polyimide (wt. %) 5 × 5 mm chip) (%) 1Polyimide B 80 0.2 100 2 Polyimide C 80 0.3 100 3 Polyimide A 80 0.4 804 Polyimide D 80 0.5 0 5 Polyimide F 80 0.7 0 6 Polyimide F 0 0.8 0 7Polyimide F 30 1.0 0 8 Polyimide F 20 1.5 0 9 Polyimide F 40 >2.0 0 10Polyimide F 52 >2.0 0Method of Measuring a Peel Strength

On a support member, such as a tab surface of a lead frame, forsupporting semiconductor chips, a silicone chip (test piece) of 5×5 mmwas attached by laying a filmy organic die-bonding materialstherebetween. The chip-attached support member was held on a heatingplaten heated at a temperature of 240° C. for 20 seconds. As shown inFIG. 2, a peel strength was measured by a push-pull gauge at a testspeed of 0.5 mm/minute. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 21 represents asemiconductor chip, 22 represents a filmy organic die-bonding material,23 represents a lead frame, 24 represents the push-pull gauge, 25represents the heating platen. In this case, the test piece was held ata temperature of 240° C. for 20 seconds, but in a case where asemiconductor device is packaged at a different temperature depending onits purpose, the measurement must be performed at the temperature.

EXAMPLE 6

To 100 g of polyimide E and 10 g of epoxy resin, 280 g of an organicsolvent was added to make a solution. To the solution obtained, silverpowder was added in a stated amount, followed by thorough stirring so asto be homogeneously dispersed, to obtain a coating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by drying in a dryer with internalair circulation to cause the solvent to evaporate and dry the varnish.Thus, filmy organic die-bonding materials were prepared.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials, having the size as shown inTable 6, were each stuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at160° C. On the lead frame to which the filmy organic die-bondingmaterial was thus stuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bondingcarried out under conditions of a temperature of 300° C., a pressure of12.5 gf/mm² and a bonding time of 5 seconds, followed by wire bondingand then molding with an encapsulant material (trade name CEL-9000,available from Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a semiconductor devicewas fabricated (QFP package: 14×20×1.4 mm; chip size: 8×10 mm; 42 alloylead frame).

The semiconductor device having been thus encapsulated was treated in athermo-hygrostat of 85° C. and 85% RH for 168 hours, and thereafterheated at 240° C. for 10 seconds in an IR reflow furnace.

Thereafter, the semiconductor device was molded with polyester resin,and then cut with a diamond cutter to observe its cross section on amicroscope. Rate (%) of occurrence of reflow cracks was measuredaccording to the following expression to make evaluation on the reflowcrack resistance.(Number of occurrence of reflow cracks/number of tests)×100=rate (%) ofoccurrence of reflow cracks.

The results of evaluation are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Planar Rate of dimen- Planar Out- occurrence Film sion of Chipsdimen- ward of reflow size film size sion of protru- cracks No. (mm)(mm²) (mm) chip sion (%) 1 11 × 13 143 8 × 10 80 Yes 100 2 10 × 12 123 8× 10 80 Yes 100 3  9 × 11 99 8 × 10 80 Yes 100 4  9 × 10 90 8 × 10 80Yes 70 5  8 × 11 88 8 × 10 80 Yes 60 6  8 × 10 80 8 × 10 80 No 0 7 8 × 972 8 × 10 80 No 0 8  7 × 10 70 8 × 10 80 No 0 9 8 × 9 72 8 × 10 80 No 010 6 × 8 48 8 × 10 80 No 0 11 5 × 7 35 8 × 10 80 No 0 12 4 × 6 24 8 × 1080 No 0 13 3 × 5 15 8 × 10 80 No 0 14 2 × 4 8 8 × 10 80 No 0

EXAMPLE 7

To 100 g of polyimide F and 10 g of epoxy resin, 280 g of an organicsolvent was added to make a solution. To the solution obtained, silverpowder was added in a stated amount, followed by thorough stirring so asto be homogeneously dispersed, to obtain a coating varnish.

This coating varnish was coated on a carrier film (OPP film; biaxiallystretched polypropylene), followed by drying in a dryer with internalair circulation to cause the solvent to evaporate and dry the varnish.Thus, filmy organic die-bonding materials were prepared.

The filmy organic die-bonding materials, having the modulus ofelasticity at a temperature of 250° C. as shown in Table 7, were eachstuck onto the tab of the lead frame while heating at 160° C. On thelead frame to which the filmy organic die-bonding material was thusstuck, a semiconductor chip was mounted by die bonding carried out underconditions shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Film Conditions Composition of film modulus of Temper- Pres-Peel Ag content elastic ature sure strength No. Polyimide (wt. %) (MPa)(° C.) (gf/mm²) (Kgf/5 × 5 mm chip) 1 Polyimide F 60 0.2 230 2.0 >2.0 2Polyimide F 40 0.3 230 2.0 >2.0 3 Polyimide F  0 0.4 230 2.0  0.8

Method of Measuring a Film Modulus of Elasticity (MPa)

By using RHEOLOGRAPH OF SOLID S type, available from Kabushiki KaishaToyoseiki Seisakusho, a dynamic viscoelasticity was measured at aheating speed of 5° C./minute and a frequency of 10 Hz. A storagemodulus E′ at a temperature of 250° C. was regarded as the modulus ofelasticity.

Method of Measuring a Peel Strength

It is as same as that of Example 5.

1. A single-layer organic die-bonding film having the property ofbonding a semiconductor chip to a support member under conditions of100–230° C. temperature and pressure of 0.1–30 gf/mm², and having amodulus of elasticity of 10 MPa or less at a temperature of 250° C. anda peel strength of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or above at a stage where thesemiconductor chip has been bonded to the support member, wherein thesingle-layer die-bonding film comprises one or more resins selected fromthe group consisting of silicone resin, acrylic resin, polvimide resinand epoxy resin.
 2. A single-layer organic die-bonding film as in claim1, having a residual volatile component in an amount of not more than3.0% by weight.
 3. A single-layer organic die-bonding film as in claim2, having water absorption of 1.5% by volume or less.
 4. A single-layerorganic die-bonding film as in claim 3, and having a saturation moistureabsorption of 1.0% by volume or less.
 5. A single-layer organicdie-bonding film as in claim 1, having water absorption of 1.5% byvolume or less.
 6. A single-layer organic die-bonding film as in claim1, and having a saturation moisture absorption of 1.0% by volume orless.
 7. A single-layer organic die-bonding film as in claim 1,comprising one or more epoxy resins selected from the group consistingof glycidyl ether epoxy, glycidylamine epoxy, glycidyl ester epoxy andalicyclic epoxy.
 8. An organic die-bonding film having the property ofbonding a semiconductor chip to a support member under conditions of100–230° C. temperature and pressure of 1–30 gf/mm2, and having waterabsorption of 1.5% by volume or less, and having a residual volatilecomponent in an amount of not more than 3.0% by weight and a peelstrength of 0.5 Kgf/5×5 mm chip or above at a stage where thesemiconductor chip has been bonded to the support member, wherein theorganic die-bonding film comprises one or more resins selected from thegroup consisting of silicone resin, acrylic resin, polymide resin andepoxy resin.
 9. An organic die-bonding film as in claim 8, having amodulus of elasticity of 10 MPa or less at a temperature of 250° C. 10.An organic die-bonding film as in claim 9 and having a saturationmoisture absorption of 1.0% by volume or less.
 11. An organicdie-bonding film as in claim 8 and having a saturation moistureabsorption of 1.0% by volume or less.
 12. An organic die-bonding film asin claim 8 comprising one or more epoxy resins selected from the groupconsisting of glycidyl ether epoxy, glycidylamine epoxy, glycidyl esterepoxy and alicyclic epoxy.
 13. A semiconductor device comprising: asemiconductor chip; a support member; a die-bonding film according toone of claims 2-4,5,6,7-10,11 or 12 bonding the semiconductor chip tothe support member; and an encapsulating resin encapsulating thesemiconductor chip, die-bonding film and support member.